Osteoarthritis: General Terms, Types, Causes - Patient Education Portal

Our joints are the architects of our daily movements, allowing us to bend, twist, and flex easily. These remarkable structures are essential for a vibrant and active life. Without healthy joints, even simple tasks can become daunting challenges.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic degenerative joint disorder primarily characterized by pain and reduced joint function. It stands as the most widespread type of arthritis worldwide, affecting half of the population aged over 65. OA's impact can vary, with some people experiencing minimal disruption, while for others, it can significantly affect their everyday lives.

Causes of Osteoarthritis

Osteoarthritis develops as the protective cartilage, which cushions the ends of bones within your joints, undergoes a gradual deterioration. It is like a puzzle with multiple pieces contributing to its development, making it a complex condition with no singular cause. Risk factors for OA development include age, obesity, athletic performance, and excess stress on the joints. OA doesn't target just the cartilage, but also affects other vital components like tendons, ligaments, synovium, menisci, and bones, impacting the whole joint structure.

There are two main types of osteoarthritis based on its origin: primary and secondary.

Primary Osteoarthritis

Primary osteoarthritis, the most common type of arthritis, develops over time and has no clear cause. This condition is influenced by various contributors, including age, gender, obesity, genetic predisposition, and other risk factors.

Secondary Osteoarthritis

On the other hand, secondary osteoarthritis has a known origin. Trauma is one common thing that can trigger secondary osteoarthritis. Sports injuries, transport accidents, even simple falls can leave a noticeable mark on the health of your joints. However, it is not the only cause: joint abnormalities and inflammatory conditions can also contribute to the OA development. In the end, metabolic disorders can also bring their complications, disrupting joint integrity.

Even though osteoarthritis affects a large population of people and has multiple risk factors, it is not inevitable. Knowing what causes it is essential for the prevention of osteoarthritis, and understanding the roots of your condition can help you manage it.